INTAKE, PIPELINE, AND TAILRACE

All hydro systems require a pipeline. Even systems operating directly from a dam require at least a short plumbing run. It is important to use the correct type and size of pipe to minimize restrictions in the flow to the nozzle(s). When possible, pipelines should be buried; this stabilizes the line and prevents animals from chewing it.

At the inlet of the pipe, a filter should be installed. A screened box can be used with the pipe entering one side, or add a section of pipe drilled lull of range holes wrapped with screen or small holes and used without screen. Make sure that the filter openings are smaller than the smallest nozzle used.

The intake must be above the streambed so as not to suck in silt and should be deep enough so as not to suck in air. The intake structure should be placed to one side of the main flow of the stream so that the force of the flowing water and its debris bypasses it.

If the whole pipeline doesn't run continuously downhill, at least the first section should, so the water can begin flowing. A bypass valve may be necessary.

For pipelines running over dams, the downstream side may be filled by hand. Once filled, the stop valve at the turbine can be opened to start the flow. If full pressure is not developed, a hand-powered vacuum pump can be used to remove air trapped at the high point.

At the turbine end of the pipeline a bypass valve may be necessary to allow water to run through the pipe without affecting the turbine, purging the line of air or increasing flow to prevent freezing.

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A stop valve should be installed upstream of the nozzle. This valve should be at least 1-1/2 inches if nozzles larger than Y2 inch are used. A pressure gauge should be installed upstream of the stop valve so both the static head (no water flowing) and the dynamic head (water flowing) can be read.

The stop valve on any major pipeline should always be closed slowly to prevent water hammer (a large column of water coming to an abrupt stop). This can easily destroy your pipeline and for this reason, you may wish to install a pressure relief valve just upstream of the stop valve.

Nozzles can be installed or changed from under the turbine, or from the above, by removing the nozzle flange by unscrewing its four bolts. The use of flexible pipe makes it easier to remove the flanges from the nozzles. 
DO NOT OVER-TIGHTEN THE NOZZLES

The turbine housing can be mounted on two boards to suspend it above the stream. It is recommended to have the Stream Engine in a small enclosure or under some cover to keep it dry and provide a place for auxiliary equipment.

Mounting the machine in concrete is also possible (you may wish to try a temporary wood mounting first). The opening under the housing to catch the water should be at least the size of the turbine housing opening, and preferably a little larger. Make certain the tailrace (exit channel) provides enough flow for the exiting water. The housing opening is 9-1/2 inches square, the bolt holes are on an 11-inch square, and the housing is 12 inches square.

In cold climates, it may be necessary to build a "trap" into the exit. This prevents outside air from entering the housing and causing freeze-ups.